ADAP mandated Oliva Kombe, young biologist consultant, to study the human–wildlife coexistence in Mlele District, Katavi Region, in Tanzania. More specifically the aimed to:
1. Identify, compare, and analyze the types and severity of conflicts by:
- Reviewing policies related to prevention and mitigation of human–wildlife conflict.
- Identifying anthropogenic activities contributing to conflict.
- Assessing local communities’ perceptions of the wildlife ecosystem, its services, and its products.
- Understanding community awareness of wildlife policy barriers and opportunities, including wildlife protection and compensation for damage.
2. Develop and propose feasible conflict mitigation strategies that could be implemented by ADAP and local stakeholders to minimize adverse impacts of wildlife on communities.
3. Explore and suggest benefit-sharing models that could be applied in Mlele District to enhance coexistence.
The findings underscore that human-wildlife conflicts are uneven in the Mlele District and are shaped by a combination of ecological pressures, institutional gaps, and socio-economic challenges. While communities expressed frustration over the limited tangible benefits of wildlife presence, there was also recognition of the potential for coexistence if solutions are designed inclusively, adequately resourced, and implemented with sustained commitment. The report concludes that a balanced approach, combining stronger enforcement of land use regulations, more equitable benefit-sharing, and meaningful community engagement, will be essential for reducing conflict and fostering long-term coexistence.
This preliminary study calls for more systematic and centralised data collection in order to obtain more quantitative data. This would enable better estimation of socio-economic impacts and identification of areas and species for which specific measures could be implemented. Communities will of course need to be involved in defining and implementing measures.
For more information and to view the detailed results, download the report on human-wildlife conflict and coexistence here.
